A step-up transformer is a type of transformer that increases the voltage from the primary (input) side to the secondary (output) side. Its basic operation relies on the principles of electromagnetic induction. Here's a step-by-step explanation of how a step-up transformer works:
Primary Coil (Input Side):
The primary coil, or the input coil, is connected to the power source supplying electrical energy. The alternating current (AC) from the source creates a changing magnetic field around the primary coil.
Magnetic Field Induction:
As the AC flows through the primary coil, it generates a magnetic field that surrounds the coil. The magnetic field is not constant; it alternates direction with the changing AC.
Mutual Induction:
The changing magnetic field around the primary coil induces a voltage in the secondary coil, which is close to the primary coil. This process is known as mutual induction.
Secondary Coil (Output Side):
The induced voltage in the secondary coil depends on the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the number of turns in the primary coil. In a step-up transformer, the secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil.
Voltage Increase:
Due to the higher number of turns in the secondary coil, the induced voltage in the secondary coil is greater than the applied voltage in the primary coil. This results in a step-up in voltage.
Voltage Transformation Equation:
The relationship between the primary voltage (V₁), secondary voltage (V₂), primary turns (N₁), and secondary turns (N₂) can be expressed using the voltage transformation equation:
V₁/V₂=+=N₁/N₂
In a step-up transformer, N₂＞+=N₁, so V₂＞V₁
Output Load:
The increased voltage on the secondary side can then be utilized to power devices or transmitted over long distances with reduced energy loss.
In summary, a step-up transformer utilizes mutual induction to increase the voltage on the secondary side compared to the voltage applied on the primary side. The key factor in achieving this voltage increase is the ratio of turns in the primary and secondary coils.